Q. Which one of the following shows a unique relationship with an insect that has coevolved with it and that is the only insect that can pollinate this tree?

Explanation:

Fig Tree

The fig tree has a unique and highly specialized relationship with fig wasps that has evolved over millions of years. This relationship is a classic example of coevolution and mutualism in nature.

1. Unique pollination system: Each species of fig tree is pollinated by a specific species of fig wasp. This is a one-to-one relationship, meaning that particular fig species can only be pollinated by its corresponding wasp species.

2. Mutual dependency: The fig tree relies on the wasp for pollination, while the wasp relies on the fig for reproduction. The female wasp enters the fig through a small opening, pollinates the flowers inside, lays her eggs, and then dies inside the fig.

3. Life cycle synchronization: The life cycles of the fig and the wasp are perfectly synchronized. The wasp’s life cycle is completed entirely within the fig.

4. Coevolution: This relationship has led to extreme adaptations in both the fig and the wasp. For example, the wasp’s body shape and size have evolved to fit perfectly through the fig’s small opening.

5. Obligate mutualism: Neither the fig nor the wasp can reproduce without the other, making this an obligate mutualistic relationship.