Q. With reference to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that are used in making many consumer products, consider the following statements:
1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials.
2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment.
3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Correct answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Question from UPSC Prelims 2024 GS Paper
Explanation:
1. PFAS are found to be widespread in drinking water, food and food packaging materials.
This is correct. PFAS have been widely used in various consumer products and industrial applications, leading to their widespread presence in the environment. They have been detected in drinking water sources, food items, and food packaging materials. Their presence in these everyday items is a significant concern for public health.
2. PFAS are not easily degraded in the environment.
This statement is also correct. PFAS are known as “forever chemicals” because of their persistence in the environment. The strong carbon-fluorine bonds in these compounds make them highly resistant to degradation by natural processes such as biodegradation, photolysis, or hydrolysis. This persistence contributes to their accumulation in the environment over time.
3. Persistent exposure to PFAS can lead to bioaccumulation in animal bodies.
This statement is correct as well. Due to their persistence and the fact that they are not easily metabolized, PFAS can accumulate in the bodies of living organisms over time, a process known as bioaccumulation. This accumulation can occur in various animal species, including humans, and can potentially lead to adverse health effects.