Which of the above is/are considered financial instruments?

Explanation:

1. Exchange-Traded Funds (ETF):

ETFs are definitely considered financial instruments. They are investment funds traded on stock exchanges, much like stocks. ETFs typically track an index, a commodity, bonds, or a basket of assets. They are widely recognized as financial instruments in the investment world.

2. Motor vehicles:

Motor vehicles are physical assets, not financial instruments. They are tangible goods used for transportation and are not typically considered financial instruments in any context.

3. Currency swap:

Currency swaps are indeed financial instruments. They are a type of derivative contract where two parties exchange the principal and interest in one currency for the principal and interest in another currency. They are commonly used by companies and financial institutions to manage currency risk.

Therefore, the correct answer is (d) 1 and 3 only.